Mala Strana, known as Lesser Town, is one of the most historic and picturesque areas of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Its history stretches back to the 13th century when it was founded by King Přemysl Otakar II. Its name, Lesser Town, is derived from its position on the left bank of the Vltava River, directly below the more dominant Prague Castle, hence being considered the "Lesser" of the two. The area was originally populated by German craftsmen and merchants, who were invited to settle here by the king. It was later heavily populated by Czech nobility, becoming a center of power and politics. Over the centuries, Mala Strana has been ravaged by fires and wars, but each time it was rebuilt, usually in the architectural style of the period, resulting in an eclectic mix of buildings. The narrow, winding streets of Mala Strana are lined with Baroque buildings, many of which are painted in pastel colors. Their facades are adorned with intricate stucco work, frescoes, and statues. Notable landmarks include St. Nicholas Church, a stunning example of High Baroque architecture, and Wallenstein Palace, which now serves as the Senate of the Czech Republic. The interior of these buildings is equally impressive. St. Nicholas Church, for instance, features a grand vaulted ceiling, richly decorated with frescoes and gold details. Its massive crystal chandelier, a gift from Russian Tsar Nicholas II, is a visual feast. Wallenstein Palace, on the other hand, boasts a series of stately rooms, each more opulent than the last, featuring wall-to-wall frescoes, gilded moldings, and ornate chandeliers. Aside from its architectural gems, Mala Strana is also known for its charming squares and gardens. The most famous is the Wallenstein Garden, a beautifully landscaped area with peacocks roaming freely, a large pond, and an imposing wall lined with artificial stalactites. Mala Strana is not just a place of beauty, but also a place of intrigue. It was here that the infamous defenestration of Prague happened. This event, which involved the throwing of Catholic officials from the windows of the Prague Castle, sparked the Thirty Years' War in 1618. Today, Mala Strana remains one of the most visited areas in Prague, beloved by locals and tourists alike for its unique blend of history, architecture, and charm. Walking through its cobbled streets is like stepping back in time, a reminder of the rich and tumultuous past of this fascinating city.